Tag: ecosystem

Daisy World, The Gaia Hypothesis and the real story of Creation. Part 7: “Day 6a:” Creation of the mammals.

First now it was time to create the mammals. This is Genesis 1:24-25  And God said, “Let the land produce living creatures according to their kinds: the livestock, the creatures that move along the ground, and the wild animals, each according to its kind.” And it was so. i25 God made the wild animals according to their kinds, the livestock according to their kinds, and all the creatures that move along the ground according to their kinds. And God saw that it was good.

What the creation story has described so far is the creation of a functional ecosystem. It starts simple with water, ice and clouds, populating the atmosphere with water molecules. The earliest life forms are not preserved so we have no physical record of the order and how it occurred, but it started in the ocean (God’s spirit hovered over the waters). `then plant life with chlorophyll using sunlight was created, then fish and birds and finally mammals. Every step took place in order. Each step occurred after the conditions had been met to sustain the new life forms with food. The fossil records indicate there were long phases of stability, and suddenly the next level of ecosystem was generated. Our ecosystem is fragile and must operate within strict limits, not too warm, not too cold for life to flourish. In addition the Ph of the ocean must be within limits and land and sea must be reasonably free from poisons. Every now and then there are great extinctions of life, such as the dinosaurs and the woolly Mammoth. The cause for extinction was always that the Earth got too cold or too poisoned, never too warm. some extinctions occurred because a more efficient life form took over. All this speaks of evolution as I got taught in biology 70 years ago. Since then much have been learnt of what goes on in life, so let’s look at what goes on in the body of a mammal, let’s say, the Virginia Opossum.

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Opossums come in 126 species, in 16 genres and has one of the most complicated DNA of any mammal. They are marsupials. I was taught that the evolutionary inferior marsupials were extinct except in Australia, but the opossum doesn’t know that, so it still thrives among all the other evolutionary superior mammals.

Let’s look at what is inside every cell in the Opossum (except the eggs or sperm cells)

The cell consists of many interesting parts, all of which have to be there for the cell to function. The control center is the nucleus, and it consists of among other things the DNA.

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The DNA is formed as a double helix and could be seen as containing information code. There are 4 different states, C,G,A and T (see figure above); this is the basic encryption in the double helix. There are about 3 billion so called base pairs in the nucleus of every cell in the opossum. To grasp the size of the code, let’s say you are a court recorder, typing away the letters at a speed of 18.75 letters a second (the qualification speed for court recorders). You do it 8 hours a day, 5 days a week, 48 weeks a year (2 weeks vacation and 11 holidayWe were created by God in his image with an expanded brain, capable of lifelong learning. This included a spiritual connection directly with God through His Spirit. This is the connection that died when Adam sinned and people decided they could function quite well without constant communication with God. Yet there remained a god-shaped void in their brains, a longing that wanted to be satisfied.s), it would take over 23 years to transcribe the code. A court recorder has to have better than 95% accuracy, but we are dealing with genetic encryption, so it has to have been done with much better accuracy for it to be valid for reproduction. This code defines the species, in this case the opossum. It has all information necessary to reproduce the species. Sometimes cosmic radiation or strong ultra violet light can cause breaks in the DNA, but the resulting mutations tend to reinforce the species boundaries rather than cause evolution.

Of course, an encrypted message is totally worthless without a decrypter. The one that is successfully mapped is the RNA decrypter, called messenger RNA. It interprets 3 base pairs as a codon. This is a code that is optimally designed, but since there are only 20 amino acids, most are expressed more than once. In addition 3 of the codons tell when the decoding stops.

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Messenger RNA (mRNA): Created during transcription, mRNA carries the genetic code from the cell’s DNA to the ribosome, where it is used as a template to build a protein. Below is a picture of the ribosome RNA (rRNA) as well as the transfer RNA (tRNA).

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The properly decrypted mRNA with its proper length is transported to the ribosome units. With the help of the tRNA that transports and checks in the proper amino acid, the ribosome binds the one amino acid to form an amino acid chain. Here is a picture of hemoglobin:

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What makes hemoglobin usable is the heme structure containing iron. It is very similar to the structure in Chlorophyll:

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But back to the DNA, the super encrypted code that makes advanced mammalian life possible, from how to make an egg or a sperm, how to perform fertilization in the right environment, how to do cell multiplication and perform specialization in the cells, how to form part of an eye iris or an eyebrow, it is all there, how to make joints and nerves, how to make bone structure and place marrow inside it, cells that produce hemoglobin, which is somehow transported into blood that is pumped around in the body via the heart, and so on, It is all information encrypted in the DNA. But not only that, the DNA contains repair code that kicks in when damage occur, wounds, viruses, harmful bacteria, bad fungus, poisons and even cancer.

This was the first half of the sixth day, and God saw it, and it was good.

God was not finished with the sixth day, so next installment is the creation of man.

Daisy World, The Gaia Hypothesis and the real story of Creation. Part 4: Creation of life.

Let’s look what happens in Genesis 1: 9-13; And God said, “Let the water under the sky be gathered to one place, and let dry ground appear.” And it was so. 10 God called the dry ground “land,” and the gathered waters he called “seas.” And God saw that it was good. So now water is organized and land has appeared, and the earth is fully formed. This completes the physical creation, and in the 1983 book The Intelligent Universe, the famous astronomer Fred Hoyle wrote, “The list of anthropic properties, apparent accidents of a non-biological nature without which carbon-based and hence human life could not exist, is large and impressive.” The “fine tuning” of the universe is specifically designed to make life possible.

God is producing an ecosystem for the earth, but there is yet no physical life. Here God is silent on what lifeforms He created first. Scientists are trying to reproduce the conditions which make spontaneous creation of life possible, using all their intelligence and having the right combination of amino acids and other chemical conditions come together to form life. One thing is for sure; they did not imagine random processes in “the primordial soup” but tried to fabricate the best estimate of the environment using every ounce of scientific knowledge available. Whenever an amino acid is formed via lightning or whatever, half are created of the left type and half of the right type. (When one drinks fresh squeezed orange juice the vitamin C is all left oriented, but if the vitamin C is taken in a manufactured tablet it is half left, half right oriented. Only the left oriented vitamin is useful, the right oriented is just acid and is not generated by life and cannot be used by life.) So they are not able to reproduce life or even be able to explain how it could have happened since so many left oriented processes have to come together at the same time without being interfered by the unusable right oriented molecules hindering the process. And this is the generation of the simplest life form! Rather than trying to explain the inexplicable apart from creation, I will jump right in with Phytoplankton. These are very primitive plants, living mostly in oceans, wetlands, rivers and lakes but can also be found on land providing there is enough water, Most phytoplankton contains chlorophyll and absorbs carbon and generates oxygen.

God omits all the discussion of how life on earth started and jumps right into explaining that plant life started first, and what follows is a list of all kinds of flora. It is found in Genesis 1:11-13

 Then God said, “Let the land produce vegetation: seed-bearing plants and trees on the land that bear fruit with seed in it, according to their various kinds.” And it was so. 12 The land produced vegetation: plants bearing seed according to their kinds and trees bearing fruit with seed in it according to their kinds. And God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening, and there was morning—the third day.

In fact this is a step that evolutionists skip, because there is no plausible explanation how life could emerge out of dead matter. Some have suggested that life could have entered from outer space, and indeed the Webb telescope, when looking at the “empty” part of universe, have found that it is not totally empty but seems to have some rudimentary amino-acids and even metals, which are necessary but by no means sufficient building blocks for life.

Let us take a look at one of the simplest phytoplanktons, the cyanobacteria.

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The cyanobacteria is the simplest form of reproducing organism that contains chlorophyll and produces its own food; carbohydrates:

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To produce its own food, it needs additional nutrition, among them Aluminum and Nitrogen compounds. They have to be included for photosynthesis to function via RNA interpreters, proteins and sunlight. The main food is CO2 and the process exhausts O2. The one celled organism looks like this:

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This is the simplest of the phytoplanktons. It has all the necessary functions to be able to duplicate itself. To do it it must have a nucleus contained inside a cell wall, and how to create the cell wall is programmed in the nucleus. This is a very simple nucleus and the smallest of the cyanobacteria has a nucleus of about 1.4 million base pairs. 3 base pairs form one codon and tells which amino aid to use to add one link in the protein to build. The rest of the DNA was thought to be evolutionary redundant “junk DNA,” but recent analyses have shown that they are start codes and stop codes to show where, when and how to build it, with processes not yet understood. All this is interpreted by RNAs and other compounds, and together they enable how to build and duplicate themselves. The information stored in the DNA is about the same as is contained in a large fiction novel. All this was prepared in creation “day 3” and led to all plant life. Nowadays phytoplanktons generate about half of all carbohydrates and release half of all Oxygen in the world.

The first origin of life can only have come to pass thru a creative act of God, since it involves a catch 22 conflict many times over. But the first live substance may not have been based on sunlight and photosynthesis, but could have been microbes known as methanotrophs that convert methane gas into carbon dioxide and biomass. Scientists are unsure how these microbes get all the nutrients they need to accomplish this task. But this we know: God did not give us the story of creation to be scientifically complete. The only thing He says about mildew is that it is bad and how to get rid of it. The grass and the trees were created by God when the environmental conditions were right for them to appear, nearly all of them after the sun was lit.

Next installment: The sun, moon and the stars were formed on “day 4.”