July 25, read through the Holy Bible in a year in Power-point, with comments.

Today we read the fourth chapter of the Apostle Paul’s letter to the Galatians and two chapters of Job.

July 25: Galatians 4, Job 29, Job 30 (click on the chapter to begin reading).

Galatians 4. The Apostle Paul told the Galatians they are children of God and heirs of the promise, but still, he feared for the Church since they preferred the law over the promise. He explained it through two covenants,  one in bondage through the law, the other in freedom through the Spirit.

Job 29. Job gave his best defense, and recalled the good old days when God was with him.

Job 30: “But now they that are younger than I have me in derision, whose fathers I would have disdained to have set with the dogs of my flock.” Things were not going well for Job.

July 24, read through the Holy Bible in a year in Power-point, with comments.

Today we read the third chapter of the Apostle Paul’s letter to the Galatians and two chapters of Job.

July 24: Galatians 3, Job 27, Job 28 (click on the chapter to begin reading).

Galatians 3. We are justified by faith, even as Abraham was justified by faith. The law brings a curse, it is impossible to keep the law.  God gave the everlasting promise to Abraham before the law. “The Law was our schoolmaster to bring us unto Christ.” “For ye are all the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus. For as many of you as have been baptized into Christ have put on Christ. There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Christ Jesus. And if ye be Christ’s, then are ye Abraham’s seed, and heirs according to the promise.“

Job 27. Through all this Job maintained his integrity.

Job 28, Job continued with a discourse on wisdom.

The case for Thorium. 26. Can deplete most of the existing radioactive waste and nuclear weapons stockpiles.

LFTR is a type of Molten Salt Reactor with equipment to convert plentiful thorium into uranium (U233) to use as fuel. It can also use plutonium from LWR (Light Water Reactor) waste. LFTR is not very efficient at using depleted uranium (need a Fast-Spectrum reactor to fission U-238 effectively; in a thermal-spectrum reactor like LFTR or LWR, would convert some U-238 to plutonium which is fissile).

Because a LFTR fissions 99%+ of the fuel (whether thorium, or plutonium from nuclear waste), it consumes all the uranium and transuraniums leaving no long-term radioactive waste. 83% of the waste products are safely stabilized within 10 years. The remaining 17% need to be stored less than 350 years to become completely benign.

“LFTR technology can also be used to reprocess and consume the remaining fissile material in spent nuclear fuel stockpiles around the world and to extract and resell many of the other valuable fission byproducts that are currently deemed hazardous waste in their current spent fuel rod form. The U.S. nuclear industry has already allocated $25 billion for storage or reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel and the world currently has over 340,000 tons of spent LWR fuel with enough usable fissile material to start one 100 MWe LFTR per day for 93 years. (A 100 MW LFTR requires 100 kg of fissile material (U-233, U-235, or Pu-239) to start the chain reaction). LFTR can also be used to consume existing U-233 stockpiles at ORNL ($500 million allocated for stockpile destruction) and plutonium from weapons stockpiles.”

FS-MSRs essentially avoid the entire fuel qualification issue in that they are tolerant of any fissile material composition, with their inherent strong negative thermal reactivity feedback providing the control necessary to accommodate a shifting fuel feed stream. Fast Spectrum Molten Salt Reactor Options,

See also point 17: Russia develops a fission-fusion hybrid reactor.

Some of the pictures are from a slide presentation given by David Archibald in Melbourne Feb 5 2011. He posted it “for the benefit of all” which I have interpreted as waving the copyright of the pictures

http://wattsupwiththat.com/2011/02/12/david-archibald-on-climate-and-energy-security/

July 23, read through the Holy Bible in a year in Power-point, with comments.

Today we read the second chapter of the Apostle Paul’s letter to the Galatians  and four chapters of Job.

July 23: Galatians 2, Job 23, Job 24, Job 25, Job 26 (click on the chapter to begin reading).

Galatians 2. Paul was vigorously defending the gospel and warned the Galatians there is no return to the Law! “ for if righteousness come by the law, then Christ is dead in vain.”

Job 23. Job proclaimed God’s righteous judgments. Rejoice in the Lord. “ But he knoweth the way that I take: when he hath tried me, I shall come forth as gold.“

Job 24. Job complained of violence on earth.

Job 25. Bildad asked the question: How can man be righteous?

Job 26. Job replied  and spoke of man’s frailty and God’s majesty.

The case for Thorium. 25. Will produce electrical energy at about 4 cents per kWh.

Produces electrical energy at about 4 cents per kWh.

The United States sources of Electricity generation is one third from Natural Gas, one third from Coal and one third from non fossil fuel sources.

Image result for us electricity generation by source

The cost to produce electricity with Thorium nuclear power should be about 40% less than Advanced Nuclear and about 30 % less than from Coal (with scrubbers)  Solar generation is about 4 times more expensive (without subsidies) Wind power is cheaper when the wind blows, but the generation capacity has to be there even when the wind doesn’t blow, so the only gain from wind power is to lessen the mining or extraction of carbon. In addition, wind power kills birds, the free yearly quota of allowable Bald Eagle kills was upped from 1200 to 4200 during the Obama administration. (https://lenbilen.com/2019/04/12/what-is-more-precious-babies-eagles-or-fighting-climate-change/). Golden Eagles and a few other rare birds has a quarter of a million dollar fine associated with their kills. If wind power is increased without finding a solution to the bird kills, whole species may be extinct. Solar power is, and will be used in special applications such as on roofs for backup and peak power assist. Hydroelectric power is for all practical purpose maxed out, so nearly all future increase must come from Coal, Natural Gas, Petroleum or Nuclear. Thorium powered Nuclear Generators is the way to go.

July 22, read through the Holy Bible in a year in Power-point, with comments.

Today we read the first chapter of the Apostle Paul’s letter to the Galatians  and three chapters of Job.

July 22: Galatians 1, Job 20, Job 21, Job 22 (click on the chapter to begin reading).

Galatians 1. The Apostle Paul started the letter with a greeting and blessing. Then he tore into the Galatians: There is only one gospel, Paul gave his defense for it, and explained his call to apostleship.

Job 20. Then Zophar gave a sermon with regard to the wicked man.

Job 21. In reply Job gave a discourse on the wicked.

Job 22. Eliphaz the Temanite accused Job of wickedness.

The case for Thorium. 24. With Molten Salt Reactors, a catastrophe like Fukushima cannot happen..

With Molten Salt Reactors, a catastrophe like Fukushima cannot happen.  It began with a magnitude 9.0 earthquake not far from the Fukushima 6 Nuclear reactor complex. The impact was a magnitude 6.8 earthquake and the operators immediately scrammed the safety rods to stop all the reactors. This succeeded! The reactors were designed with earthquakes in mind, and they passed the test. The backup power started up successfully so the cooling pumps could operate. There was one major problem though. The earthquake was so bad that the water in the spent fuel holding tanks splashed out and exposed the spent fuel rods to air, releasing enough radioactivity to make entering the buildings impossible.

Image result for fukushima reactor design

The water pumps worked for a while, but then came the tsunami. All the reactors were inside a tsunami wall, so far, so good. But the fuel storage tanks for the fuel for the backup power generators were outside the tsunami wall and were washed away. The batteries were only supposed to last until backup power was established, and with complete power loss and water circulation ended the meltdown started. This disaster was even bigger than Chernobyl and contamination is still spreading.

In a molten salt Thorium reactor, when power is cut off in an emergency, only gravity is needed for a safe shutdown, and gravity hasn’t failed us yet.

July 21, read through the Holy Bible in a year in Power-point, with comments.

In between the Apostle Paul’s Second letter to the Corinthians and his letter to the Galatians we read two Psalms and three chapters of Job.

July 21: Psalm 60, Psalm 61, Job 17, Job 18, Job 19 (click on the chapter to begin reading).

Psalm 60, of David. A Psalm intended for teaching. Even though they were defeated, David gave God the glory for future victories and deliverance.

Psalm 61, of David. As so often happened, David was in trouble and cried out to God, proclaiming his trust in God, singing praises.

Job 17. Job continued praying  for relief.

Job 18. Bildad pours it on; the wicked are punished.

Job 19. “I know that my redeemer liveth“.

The case for Thorium. 23. With a Molten Salt Reactor, accidents like Chernobyl are impossible.

With a Molten Salt Reactor, accidents like Chernobyl are impossible. The Three Mile Island accident was bad. The Chernobyl disaster was ten million times worse. Ah yes, I remember it  well.

One morning at work, a fellow co-worker, a Ph.D. Chemist working on an Electron Capture Detector, containing a small amount of Nickel 63, came with a surprising question: You know nuclear science, how come the reactors in Chernobyl don’t have a containment vessel? Well- I answered, it is because they are carbon moderated and their failure mode is that they go prompt critical, and  no containment vessel in the world can hold it in, so they skip it. He turned away in disgust. A few weeks later my wife’s father died, and we went to Denmark to attend the funeral. The day of the return back to the U.S. we heard that there had been a nuclear incident in Sweden, too much radiation had caused two nuclear power stations to close down. The Chernobyl disaster had happened 26 April 1986, and this was the first time anyone outside of Chernobyl has heard about it, two days later. This was still the Soviet Union, and nothing ever did go wrong in it worthy of reporting.

Image result for the chernobyl disaster

(Photo Courtesy of EBRD)

(But the carbon moderated Uranium reactors are the most efficient in producing Pu-239 the preferred nuclear bomb material.)

This has nothing to do with anything, but Chernobyl can be translated wormwood. It is mentioned in the Bible, Revelation 8: 10-11 “ And the third angel sounded, and there fell a great star from heaven, burning as it were a lamp, and it fell upon the third part of the rivers, and upon the fountains of waters; And the name of the star is called Wormwood: and the third part of the waters became wormwood; and many men died of the waters, because they were made bitter. ”

Molten Salt Thorium reactors cannot be used to supply bomb material, and they are far safer than even Light water Uranium reactors.

July 20, read through the Holy Bible in a year in Power-point, with comments.

In between the Apostle Paul’s Second letter to the Corinthians and his letter to the Galatians we read two Psalms and two chapters of Job.

July 20: Psalm 58, Psalm 59, Job 15, Job 16 (click on the chapter to begin reading).

Psalm 58, of David. A short, but intense prayer that God would punish the wicked and judge righteously.

Psalm 59, of David. A prayer for deliverance from Saul and his men seeking to Kill David. It ends up with David singing God’s praises.

Job 15. Eliphaz  unloaded on Job, accusing him of folly.

Job 16. Job replied: You pitiless comforters, you call yourself friends.